Allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae—Immunochemical studies of four allergenic fractions

Analysis of the allergenic components of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae was performed. Four different types of proteins reactive with human anti-mite IgE antibodies were identified as four distinct radioprecipitins in radioimmunoelectrophoresis. These were designated as mite allergen reactive with human IgE antibodies (Me) Me 1, Me 2, Me 3, and Me 4 according to their electrophoretic mobility from the slower to the faster. Me 1 and Me 2 were the first and the second prevailing allergens, respectively, in 133 atopic patients subjected to the study. Me 1, on purification by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography, elicited a single radioprecipitin by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Me 1 also elicited a single band in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single peak in high-performance liquid chromatography. Both methods elicited identical values of 17,000 daltons for the molecular weight of Me 1. The isoelectric point of Me 1 was suggested to be 8.0. Me 1 elicited higher skin reactions compared to that obtained by the crude mite extract when it was assessed in seven atopic patients by serial titration intradermal skin testing.     

“基础医学论坛活动”在本科生科研素质培养中的作用研究

尽早开展医学生的科研素质和实践能力培训是现代医学教育改革的一项重要任务。我们针对二年级部分医学类五年制本科生,连续8年开展了"基础医学论坛活动"。通过对本科生科研素质现状的调查分析,探讨培养医学本科生科研素质与创新能力的途径与对策。     

Detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface ace immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase

A method is described for the simultaneous detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase. Bone marrow cells from normal CBA mice prelabelled in vivo with ¹²⁵IUDR or exposed in vitro to [³H]thymidine were incubated with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins under capping conditions, washed, cytocentrifuged and treated with methanol and hydrogen peroxide to destroy endogenous peroxidase. Cells were then covered with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins, washed, treated with diaminobenzidine a and hydrogen peroxide and finally covered with autoradiographic stripping film and exposed for different times. Peroxidase-positive cells were typically capped and those radiolabelled had autoradiographic silver grains overlying the nucleus.     

Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophage receptor for IgG--II. Purification of the receptor and its partial characterization

The Fc gamma receptor of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages was purified by affinity chromatography by using rabbit IgG or guinea-pig IgG2 coupled to Sepharose. Lysates prepared by treatment of 125I-labeled macrophages with NP-40 were first applied to BSA-Sepharose and then to IgG-Sepharose and eluted with 0.5 M acetic acid containing 1% NP-40. The specific binding was determined by interaction of the 125I-labeled receptor with IgG-Sepharose in the presence and absence of soluble IgG. The specific binding of the purified receptor was 42-82%. Interactions of the purified receptor with IgG-Sepharose were equally well inhibited by soluble rabbit IgG or guinea-pig IgG2, but not by F(ab')2 fragments. Inclusion of NP-40 in the buffer used in the assay reduced nonspecific binding of the receptor to the affinity gels. The purified receptor can be stored for 20 days at 4 degrees C without a significant loss of the specific binding activity. Analysis of the receptor by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under nonreducing and reducing conditions, revealed two major peaks of radioactivity corresponding to mol. wts of about 50,000 and 25,000, and one very minor peak corresponding to a mol. wt of about 30,000. The results obtained suggest that the protein of the second major peak is a product of the dissociation of the protein of the first major peak rather than a product of its reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol.     

A review of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials in laboratory animals

We summarized the findings of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) in laboratory mammals. The inhalation of graphene (GP) and graphene oxide (GO) induced only minimal pulmonary toxicity. Bolus airway exposure to GP and GO caused acute and subacute pulmonary inflammation. Large-sized GO (L-GO) was more toxic than small-sized GO (S-GO). Intratracheally administered GP passed through the air-blood barrier into the blood and intravenous GO distributed mainly in the lungs, liver, and spleen. S-GO and L-GO mainly accumulated in the liver and lungs, respectively. Limited information showed the potential behavioral, reproductive, and developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of GNMs. There are indications that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the toxicity of GNMs. The surface reactivity, size, and dispersion status of GNMs play an important role in the induction of toxicity and biodistribution of GNMs. Although this review paper provides initial information on the potential toxicity of GNMs, data are still very limited, especially when taking into account the many different types of GNMs and their potential modifications. To fill the data gap, further studies should be performed using laboratory mammals exposed using the route and dose anticipated for human exposure scenarios.     

综合康复训练对脊髓损伤患者日常生活能力的影响

目的研究和探讨综合康复训练对脊髓损伤患者功能的影响。方法选择我院康复科2015年9月~2016年9月收治的40例脊髓损伤病例,分别采取个体化的综合康复训练方式,治疗3、6个月后对所有患者的ASIA感觉、运动及FIM评分、BI、Berg平衡量表BBS评分进行比较和分析。结果治疗3、6个月后,40例脊髓损伤患者的ASIA感觉、运动及FIM评分、BI、Berg平衡量表BBS评分分别较治疗前显著增加,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。且治疗6个月后40例脊髓损伤患者的ASIA感觉、运动及FIM评分、BI、Berg平衡量表BBS评分分别显著高于治疗3个月后,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论对于脊髓损伤患者采取综合康复训练,有利于促进各项功能的恢复和重建,从而提高患者的日常生活能力和生活质量。     

Arrayed primer extension technology simplifies mutation detection in Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndrome

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS; OMIM no. 209 900) and Alström syndrome (ALMS; OMIM no. 203 800) are rare, multisystem genetic disorders showing both a highly variable phenotype and considerable phenotypic overlap; they are included in the emerging group of diseases called ciliopathies. The genetic heterogeneity of BBS with 14 causal genes described to date, serves to further complicate mutational analysis. The development of the BBS–ALMS array which detects known mutations in these genes has allowed us to detect at least one mutation in 40.5% of BBS families and in 26.7% of ALMS families validating this as an efficient and cost-effective first pass screening modality. Furthermore, using this method, we found two BBS families segregating three BBS alleles further supporting oligogenicity or modifier roles for additional mutations. We did not observe more than two mutations in any ALMS family.